The number of 2 minute intervals coded for each variable related to sexual minorities was summed across the intervals in an episode to gauge the frequency with which same sex sexual behavior and talk about nonheterosexual sexual issues occurred within each program episode for purposes of reliability assessment. This summing led to converting nominal data (for example., presence/absence) in the 2 moment interval level into regularity counts in the system degree (range periods for which exact same intercourse intimate behavior happened in the episode). Consequently, the dependability analyses utilized the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The ICC is an evaluation regarding the percentage of variance within the measures owing to coder agreement corrected for opportunity. For interval information like the regularity matters utilized right here, the ICC is the same as Krippendorf’s alpha (Krippendorf, 1980).
An ICC of .70 ended up being utilized due to the fact criterion for appropriate dependability. Both things utilized to measure the existence of nonheterosexual themes significantly surpassed this criterion. The ICC for exact exact exact same intercourse behavior that is sexual .97 in 12 months 1 and .99 in 12 months 2. The ICC for explore nonheterosexual intimate dilemmas had been .89 in 12 months 1 and .95 in 12 months 2.
Information Analyses
To answer the initial collection of research concerns about the prevalence of nonheterosexual product on tv, we utilized episode level information ( ag e.g., percentages of episodes containing exact same intercourse sexual behavior and containing speak about intercourse pertaining to nonheterosexuals) and chi square analyses to look at between team distinctions with your nominal information. For the second collection of research concerns, we utilized just those demonstrates that included nonheterosexual intimate content and evaluated their regularity across 2 moment periods ( ag e.g., amount of periods each hour of system time with nonheterosexual intimate talk). For those analyses, we used t tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA) to try team distinctions. Significant f that is omnibus had been followed up with post hoc comparisons making use of Tamhane’s T2 test, which will not assume equal cellular size or equal variance, to determine significant distinctions across teams.
Results.Prevalence of Nonheterosexual Sexual Content
About one in six programs inside our examples included any content that is sexualbehavior or talk) associated with nonheterosexuals. The increase that is slight nonheterosexual intimate content through the 2001 2002 period (14.5%) into the 2002 2003 period (17.4%) ended up being significant, П‡ 2 (1, N = 2715) = 4.15, p dining Table 1 shows the portion of indicates that contained any same intercourse intimate behavior and any intimate talk pertaining to nonheterosexuals by system genres, by style of community, and also by time of day aired. For network kind, the 11 channels had been categorized into one of three categories: commercial broadcast (including the 3 major sites ABC, CBS, and NBC along with Fox, UPN, and WB), cable music activity (including BET and MTV), and premium cable film (including Cinemax, HBO, and Showtime). With regards to time of day broadcast, shows airing between 3:00 and 8:00 p.m. were categorized as late evening that is afternoon/early those shown between 8:00 and 11:00 p.m. were classified as prime time.
Note: Within form of community and period of day aired, percentages within the column that is same don’t share subscripts vary at p dining dining Table 1 ). More often than not, there clearly was a high level of communication from a genre’s general ranks for exact same sex behavior that is sexual speak about nonheterosexual intimate problems. Furthermore, genres’ standings on both these factors had been fairly stable throughout the two tv periods.
Three genres had been regularly lower in both types of nonheterosexual sexual content: Children’s cartoons (none of which included chaturbatewebcams.com/college-girls/ sexual behavior or sexual talk regarding nonheterosexuals in either 12 months), news publications (0% for behavior and talk in 12 months 1; 3.2per cent and 6.5%, correspondingly, for behavior and talk in 12 months 2), and talk programs (0 and 3.0per cent, correspondingly, for behavior and talk in year 1; 2.2 and 8.9per cent, correspondingly, for behavior and talk for year 2). 3 Genres that had a tendency to have the best proportions of programs with nonheterosexual content had been variety/comedy and component movie. Created for television films and programs classified as “other” additionally had reasonably high proportions with nonheterosexual intimate content; nonetheless, both these groups included just only a few programs (letter = 7), which makes it hard to draw conclusions about them. Consequently, we do not highlight the findings associated with them although we include these latter two genres in the tables.